What are the principal systems re-engineering activities?

What are the principal systems re-engineering activities?
Answer: The activities in this reengineering process are as follows:

1. Source code translation: Using a translation tool, the program is converted from an old programming language to a more modern version of the same language or to a different language.

2. Reverse engineering: The program is analyzed and information extracted from it. This helps to document its organization and functionality. Again, this process is usually completely automated.

3. Program structure improvement: The control structure of the program is analyzed and modified to make it easier to read and understand. This can be partially automated but some manual intervention is usually required.

4. Program modularization: Related parts of the program are grouped together and, where appropriate, redundancy is removed. In some cases, this stage may involve architectural refactoring (e.g., a system that uses several different data stores may be refactored to use a single repository). This is a manual process.

5. Data reengineering: The data processed by the program is changed to reflect program changes. This may mean redefining database schemas and converting existing databases to the new structure. You should usually also clean up the data. This involves finding and correcting mistakes, removing duplicate records, etc. Tools are available to support data reengineering.